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Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, [3] comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. [4] They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. [5]
"4-Hydroxyproline, or hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is an uncommon amino acid" "Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen" and under Collagen: "Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals,[1] making up about 25% of the whole-body protein content."
Proline and its higher homolog pipecolic acid affect the secondary structure of protein. D-alpha-amino acid - L-alpha-amino acid sequence can induce beta hairpin. [1] It suggested that acyclic secondary amino acids are more flexible than cyclic secondary amino acids in protein by replacement of pipecolic acid by N-methyl-L-alanine in efrapeptin C.
In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. [2] [3] Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen.
Prolidase deficiency generally becomes evident during infancy, but initial symptoms can first manifest anytime from birth to young adulthood. The condition results in a very diverse set symptoms, [3] the severity of which can vary significantly between patients, depending on the degree to which prolidase activity is hampered by the individual underlying mutation(s) in each case.
Proline ball and stick model spinning. Proline (symbol Pro or P) [4] is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group-NH
The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:[Skp1-protein]-hydroxyproline N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-transferase. Other names in common use include Skp1-HyPro GlcNAc-transferase , UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc):hydroxyproline polypeptide , GlcNAc-transferase , UDP-GlcNAc:Skp1-hydroxyproline GlcNAc-transferase , and UDP ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-hydroxyproline 2-epimerase. Other names in common use include hydroxyproline epimerase , hydroxyproline 2-epimerase , and L-hydroxyproline epimerase . This enzyme participates in arginine and proline metabolism .