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The Makassar kings maintained a policy of free trade, insisting on the right of any visitor to do business in the city, and rejecting the attempts of the Dutch to establish a monopoly. [12] Makassar depended mainly on the Muslim Malay and Catholic Portuguese sailors communities as its two crucial economic assets. However the English East India ...
Makassar War, 1666 to 1669. From 1630 until the early twentieth century, Gowa's political leaders and Islamic functionaries were both recruited from the ranks of the nobility. [4] Since 1607, sultans of Makassar established a policy of welcoming all foreign traders. [2] In 1613, an English factory built in Makassar.
In Makassar language, the word Mamminasata means "expression of ideals, feelings, or hopes that are coveted for all of us". The national government regards the Makassar Metropolitan Area as including Makassar, Maros Regency, Gowa Regency, Takalar Regency, and Pangkajene Islands Regency. Pankajene Island is now included in the Metropolitan Area.
The term kota (city) has been implemented to substitute kotamadya since the post-Suharto era in Indonesia. [10] Kota is headed by a mayor (walikota), who is directly elected via elections to serve for a five-year term, which can be renewed for one further five-year term. Each kota is divided further into districts, more commonly known as kecamatan.
The Makassar Axe is a 1st-century AD bronze axes probably used as a valuable object in a ceremony. The Kulawi tribe of Central Sulawesi still practice the exchange of heirloom bronze objects e.g. the taiganja , whose basic form has been discovered throughout the eastern part of Indonesia.
Provinces are made up of regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota). Provinces, regencies, and cities have their own local governments and parliamentary bodies. Since the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999 on Local Government [ 1 ] (the law was revised by Law Number 32 of 2004, Law Number 23 of 2014, and the 2023 Omnibus Law on Job Creation ), [ 2 ...
Nowadays, the Makassar diaspora could be found across regions beyond their native homeland in southern Sulawesi; in Indonesia itself, the Makassar diaspora could be found in several regions of the Nusa Tenggara islands, the Pangkajene islands, parts of Sangkarang and Kangean archipelagoes, the pa-Mekasan region of Madura, parts of Kalimantan ...
Negara Daha was a Hindu kingdom successor of Negara Dipa that appears in the Hikayat Banjar. It was located in what is now the Regency of Hulu Sungai Selatan , Province of South Kalimantan , Republic of Indonesia .