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Rhamnus cathartica is a deciduous, dioecious shrub or small tree growing up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall, with grey-brown bark and often thorny branches. The leaves are elliptic to oval, 25–90 mm (1– 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and 12–35 mm (1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) broad; they are green, turning yellow in autumn, have toothed margins, and are arranged somewhat variably in opposite to ...
In autumn they turn bright yellow. The leaf axils contain formidable spines which when mature are about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) long. Branchlets are at first bright green and pubescent; during their first winter they become light brown tinged with orange, and later they become a paler orange brown. Branches contain a yellow pith, and are armed ...
The buds are hairy. The dark green leaves are bitter-aromatic, with crenate margins. [3] [6] The stalked follicles are green and then turn red [6] through deep blue through black. [3] [7] Flowers are dioecious, with yellow-green petals. [8] Flowers appear as umbrella-like clusters from 2–12 in small terminal to axillary umbellate clusters.
Plants flower late fall into winter in the Deep south, and mid-winter in cooler regions. The yellow blossoms stand in elegant, upright sprays atop the foliage and attract a variety of pollinators.
The berries and leaves often persist into late winter. Smilax rotundifolia is a very important food plant in the winter while there are more limited food choices. Examples of wildlife that will eat the berries and leaves in the late winter and early spring are Northern Cardinals, white throated sparrows, white tailed deer, and rabbits. [10]
This category contains the native flora of Iowa as defined by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions. Taxa of the lowest rank are always included; taxa of higher ranks (e.g. genus) are only included if monotypic or endemic. Include taxa here that are endemic or have restricted distributions (e.g. only a few countries).
Barbarea vulgaris, also called wintercress (usual common name), or alternatively winter rocket, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, yellow rocket, wound rocket, herb barbara, creases, or creasy greens, is a biennial herb of the genus Barbarea, belonging to the family Brassicaceae.
Branchlets at first downy, but soon become smooth, light yellowish green; later red brown, finally dark brown. Wood: Yellow to pale brown; heavy, hard, close-grained and strong. Sp. gr., 0.6278; weight of cu. ft., 39.12 lbs. Winter buds: Four in a group, making a tiny cone and enclosed in the hollow base of the petiole.