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In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionary strategies within parasitism , distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation .
Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids , they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods , sooner or later causing the death of these hosts .
These can be categorized into three groups; cestodes, nematodes and trematodes.Examples include: Acanthocephala; Ascariasis (roundworms); Cestoda (tapeworms) including: Taenia saginata (human beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (human pork tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm) and Echinococcosis (hydatid tapeworm)
The model is defined in discrete time. It is usually expressed as [1] [2] + = + = with H the population size of the host, P the population size of the parasitoid, k the reproductive rate of the host, a the searching efficiency of the parasitoid, and c the average number of viable eggs that a parasitoid lays on a single host.
Encyrtidae is a large family of parasitic wasps, with some 3710 described species in about 455 genera.The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variable (e.g., some attack eggs, some attack larvae, others are hyperparasites, and some Encyrtidae develop as parasitoids of ticks).
Protelean organisms are widely regarded as a special class of parasites, often referred to as parasitoids.Protelean parasites refer to insects that begin the juvenile phase of their lives as parasites and ultimately destroy or consume their host to emerge as free-living adults. [1]
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Tamarixia radiata, the Asian citrus psyllid parasitoid, is a parasitoid wasp from the family Eulophidae which was discovered in the 1920s in the area of northwestern India , now Pakistan. It is a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid ( Diaphorina citri ), an economically important pest of citrus crops around the world and a vector for Citrus ...