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Occupational noise is the amount of acoustic energy received by an employee's auditory system when they are working in the industry. Occupational noise, or industrial noise, is often a term used in occupational safety and health, as sustained exposure can cause permanent hearing damage.
The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [1] [2] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.
Workplace communication is the process of communicating and exchanging information (both verbal and non-verbal) between one person/group and another person/group within an organization. It includes e-mails, text messages, notes, calls, etc. [ 1 ] Effective communication is critical in getting the job done, as well as building a sense of trust ...
Localized lighting consists of a luminaire that provides ambient light as well as task light. Often it is an uplighter with a light source that is directed downward. It is intended to be mounted immediately over the workplace, and it can be either hung from the ceiling, mounted on the desk or a dividing wall, or it can be a free-standing floor ...
Factor (cd/m 2) Multiple Value Item 10 −6: μcd/m 2: 1 μcd/m 2: Absolute threshold of vision [4]: 10 −5: 10 −4: 10 −3: mcd/m 2: 100 μcd/m 2: Cloudy night sky without moon [4]: 400 μcd/m 2 ...
A tea light-type candle, imaged with a luminance camera; false colors indicate luminance levels per the bar on the right (cd/m 2). Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. [1]
In lighting design, the lumen method, (also called zonal cavity method), is a simplified method to calculate the light level in a room.The method is a series of calculations that uses horizontal illuminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout in a space.
Generally, the light output of lighting equipment may also have unintentional light level modulations due to the lighting equipment itself. The magnitude, shape, periodicity and frequency of the TLM will depend on many factors such as the type of light source, the electrical mains-supply frequency, the driver or ballast technology [ 2 ] and ...