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Childhood cataracts are the primary cause of childhood blindness. [4] Childhood cataracts make up 7.4% to 15.3% of blindness in kids. [4] The prevalence of childhood cataracts ranges from 0.63/10,000 to 9.74/10,000 children, with a median of 1.71. [6] This is dependent on factors like economic status but not gender or laterality. [6]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Onchocerciasis is the second leading cause of blindness from infectious causes. Main disease symptoms, such as blindness and itching, contribute to disease burden by limiting the infected individuals' ability to live and work. Individuals most at risk live or work in areas where Simulium blackflies are most common, mostly near rivers and streams.
Childhood blindness is an important contribution to the national prevalence of the disability of blindness. [3] Blindness in children can be defined as a visual acuity of <3/60 in the eye with better vision of a child under 16 years of age. [4]
Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. [2] The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. [2] This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness. [2]
Congenital blindness is a hereditary disease and can be treated by gene therapy. Visual loss in children or infants can occur either at the prenatal stage (during the time of conception or intrauterine period) or postnatal stage (immediately after birth). [3] There are multiple possible causes of congenital blindness.
(H53.6) Nyctalopia (Night blindness) — a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in the dark (H54) Blindness — the brain does not receive optical information, through various causes (H54/B73) River blindness — blindness caused by long-term infection by a parasitic worm (rare in western societies)
A bacterial infection can result in a mucus and pus secretion. [2] Severe cases of ophthalmia can cause blindness if not treated, especially in newborns, who contract it from the environment in the womb. [3] Treatments vary according to the nature of the cause, with minor irritations going away on their own.