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Typhoid is treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, or third-generation cephalosporins. [2] Resistance to these antibiotics has been developing, which has made treatment more difficult. [2] [14] [15] In 2015, 12.5 million new typhoid cases were reported. [16] The disease is most common in India. [2] Children are most ...
During the American Civil War, 81,360 Union soldiers died of typhoid or dysentery, far more than died of battle wounds. [25] In the late 19th century, the typhoid fever mortality rate in Chicago averaged 65 per 100,000 people a year. The worst year was 1891, when the typhoid death rate was 174 per 100,000 people. [26]
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India has a goal for the elimination of kala-azar. [4] The steps to eliminating the disease include passive and active case detection, early diagnosis and treatment, and vector control integrated into medical treatment. [4] [5] Before the year 2000 there was hope and expectation that India could eliminate kala-azar from the country. [6]
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...
Typhoid fever is an example of continuous fever and it shows a characteristic step-ladder pattern, ... Antibiotics used in treatment of infectious diseases include ...
A single Widal test is of little clinical relevance especially in endemic areas such as Indian subcontinent, Africa and South-east Asia. This is due to recurrent exposure to the typhoid causing bacteria, immunization and high chances of cross-reaction from infections, such as malaria and non typhoidal salmonella. [6]
The WHO estimates that global savings from eradication, due to forgone treatment and disability costs, could exceed one billion U.S. dollars per year. [25] The following world regions have been declared polio-free: The Americas (1994) [24] [26] Western Pacific region, including China (2000) [27] Europe (2002) [28] Southeast Asia region (2014 ...