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The mental model theory of reasoning was developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991). It has been applied to the main domains of deductive inference including relational inferences such as spatial and temporal deductions; propositional inferences, such as conditional, disjunctive and negation deductions; quantified inferences such as syllogisms; and ...
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. [1] [2] Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
A third view is that people rely on mental models, that is, mental representations that correspond to imagined possibilities. [13] A fourth view is that people compute probabilities. [14] [15] One controversial theoretical issue is the identification of an appropriate competence model, or a standard against which to compare human reasoning.
A thinking chimpanzee. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking): . Thought is the object of a mental process called thinking, in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world.
For example, advocates of mental model theory have attempted to find evidence that deductive reasoning is based on image thinking, while the advocates of mental logic theory have tried to prove that it is based on verbal thinking, leading to a disorderly picture of the findings from brain imaging and brain lesion studies. When theoretical ...
Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle (300s BCE).
The prediction model has received some cautions as the idea of folk psychology has been a part of Lewis's ideas. Common statements about mental health have been considered in Lewis's prediction model, therefore there was an assumed lack of quality scientific research.
Conceptual model, any scientific model made of the composition of concepts. Mental model, a thought process that reflects how something works in the real world. Cognitive model, a model of the cognitive processes of humans and other beings with minds. Conceptual model (computer science), a cognitive model used to study a problem domain.