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This is a list of antioxidants naturally occurring in food. Vitamin C and vitamin E – which are ubiquitous among raw plant foods – are confirmed as dietary antioxidants, whereas vitamin A becomes an antioxidant following metabolism of provitamin A beta-carotene and cryptoxanthin .
Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy, formerly a major disease of sailors in long sea voyages. It is used as a food additive and a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties. The " d " form ( erythorbic acid ) can be made by chemical synthesis, but has no significant biological role.
Vitamin C supplements among other dietary supplements at a US drug store. Vitamin C has a definitive role in treating scurvy, which is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Beyond that, a role for vitamin C as prevention or treatment for various diseases is disputed, with reviews often reporting conflicting results.
Antioxidants that are reducing agents can also act as pro-oxidants. For example, vitamin C has antioxidant activity when it reduces oxidizing substances such as hydrogen peroxide; [103] however, it will also reduce metal ions such as iron and copper [104] that generate free radicals through the Fenton reaction.
Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C. In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E304). It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, [1] the U.S., [2] Canada, [3] Australia, and New Zealand. [4]
Antioxidants Antioxidants such as vitamin C act as preservatives by inhibiting the effects of oxygen on food, and can be beneficial to health. Bulking agents Bulking agents such as starch are additives that increase the bulk of a food without affecting its nutritional value. Food coloring
The relative importance of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of antioxidant vitamins is an area of current research, but vitamin C, for example, appears to have a mostly antioxidant action in the body. [7] [9] However, less data is available for other dietary antioxidants, such as polyphenol antioxidants, [10] zinc, [11] and vitamin E ...
An example of a mineral ascorbate drug is sodium ascorbate injections, as the acid form (ascorbic acid) of vitamin C is too acidic for injections). Ascorbate salts may be better tolerated by the human body than the corresponding weakly acidic ascorbic acid. Ascorbates are highly reactive antioxidants used as food preservatives. [2]