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The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states. Russia. Chita Republic (1905–1906) Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991) Amur Socialist Soviet Republic (1918)
They share a common definition of socialism, and they refer to themselves as socialist states on the road to communism with a leading vanguard party structure, hence they are often called communist states. Meanwhile, the countries in the non-Marxist–Leninist category represent a wide variety of different interpretations of the term socialism ...
The communist state is the dictatorship of the proletariat, where the advanced elements of the proletariat are the ruling class. [31] In Marxist–Leninist thinking, the socialist state is the last repressive state since the next stage of development is that of pure communism, a classless and stateless society. [31]
The term communist state is often used synonymously in the West, specifically when referring to one-party socialist states governed by Marxist–Leninist communist parties, despite these countries being officially socialist states in the process of building socialism and progressing toward a communist society. These countries never describe ...
Despite the criticism, Stalin has been considered an outstanding and exceptional politician [321] [326] as well as a great statesman and state-builder, [320] with some suggesting that without Stalin the Soviet Union might have collapsed long before 1991 as he strengthened and stabilized the country. [321]
In Cyprus, the veteran communist Dimitris Christofias of AKEL won the 2008 presidential election, the first and only communist head of state of a European Union country. [ 178 ] [ 179 ] In Ukraine and Russia , the communists came second in the 2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election and the 2003 Russian legislative election , respectively.
Although she lived before left communism became a distinct tendency, Luxemburg has been heavily influential for most left communists, both politically and theoretically. Proponents of left communism have included Herman Gorter, Antonie Pannekoek, Otto Rühle, Karl Korsch, Amadeo Bordiga and Paul Mattick. [205]
[8] [9] Sometimes they are more generally referred to as "the countries of Eastern Europe under communism", [10] excluding Mongolia, but including Yugoslavia and Albania which had both split with the Soviet Union by the 1960s. [11] Even though Yugoslavia was a socialist country, it was not a member of the Comecon or the Warsaw Pact.