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The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium in 1997 and updated those values in 2011. [6] See table. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uses the term Population Reference Intake (PRIs) instead of RDAs and sets slightly different numbers: ages 4–10 800 mg, ages 11–17 1150 mg, ages 18–24 1000 mg, and >25 years 950 mg. [10]
The name "calcium" itself derives from the Latin word calx "lime". [34] Vitruvius noted that the lime that resulted was lighter than the original limestone, attributing this to the boiling of the water. In 1755, Joseph Black proved that this was due to the loss of carbon dioxide, which as a gas had not been recognized by the ancient Romans. [39]
Calcium citrate is recommended for patients with achlorhydria and those on medications that decrease stomach acidity. While calcium carbonate is the most common and least expensive form of calcium and contains 40% of elemental calcium, calcium citrate supplements contain only 21% calcium, requiring more tablets for equivalent dosage.
For example, for calcium the U.S. Food and Drug Administration set the recommended intake for adults over 70 years at 1,200 mg/day and the UL at 2,000 mg/day. [19] The European Union also sets recommended amounts and upper limits, which are not always in accord with the U.S. [ 20 ] Likewise, Japan, which sets the UL for iodine at 3000 μg ...
The plasma total calcium concentration is in the range of 2.2–2.6 mmol/L (9–10.5 mg/dL), and the normal ionized calcium is 1.3–1.5 mmol/L (4.5–5.6 mg/dL). [4] The amount of total calcium in the blood varies with the level of plasma albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, and therefore the main carrier of protein-bound calcium in the blood.
A new Clean Label Project report suggests some protein powders contain heavy metals lead and cadmium. See which ones are safe here, plus what an expert advises.
Calcium formate is shown to be more readily absorbed form of calcium than calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. [7] No optic nerve damage has been observed with calcium formate supplementation – along with formaldehyde , formate is a major metabolic product of methanol , which can cause blindness upon ingestion.
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