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5-HTP is produced from the amino acid tryptophan through the action of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. Tryptophan hydroxylase is one of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Production of 5-HTP is the rate-limiting step in 5-HT (serotonin) synthesis. 5-HTP is normally rapidly converted to 5-HT by amino acid decarboxylase. [1]
Tryptophan ball and stick model spinning. Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) [3] is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent.
5-HTP is rapidly absorbed with a t max of ≈1.5 h, and rapidly eliminated with a half-life of ≈1.5 – 2 h. Co-administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g., carbidopa, benserazide ) doubles the half-life of 5-HTP to ≈ 3 – 4 h , [ 37 ] [ 34 ] and enhances exposure several-fold, depending on the dosing regimen.
Research suggests that rhodiola rosea may reduce stress, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. 5-HTP, also known as 5-hydroxytryptophan, has been found to increase serotonin levels in the brain.
[1] [2] The amino acids L-tryptophan and L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP; oxitriptan) are precursors of serotonin and melatonin, while the amino acids L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-DOPA (levodopa) are precursors of dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
[3] [4] [5] The preceding limitations of tryptophan make its use in PET imaging in humans impossible, whereas αMTP is a viable agent for such purposes. [ 5 ] αMTP is first converted by tryptophan hydroxylase into α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan (αM-5-HTP or α-methyl-5-HTP), the α-methylated analogue of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), prior to ...