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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease , MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals , resulting in a range of signs and symptoms , including physical, mental , and sometimes psychiatric problems.
Abundant extracellular myelin in the meninges of patients with multiple sclerosis has been found [118] Brain tissues with MRI-hidden problems are usually named Normal Appearing. Exploring the normal-appearing corpus callosum has been found a possible primary hypoperfusion, [119] according with other findings in this same direction.
Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms including changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, impaired movement, difficulties with coordination and balance, problems in speech (known as dysarthria) or swallowing , visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic ...
Standard multiple sclerosis, the most known and extended variant. Devic's disease and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (sometimes previously called optic-spinal MS) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or ADEM, a closely related disorder in which a known virus or vaccine triggers autoimmunity against myelin.
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
Baló's concentric sclerosis is a disease in which the white matter of the brain appears damaged in concentric layers, leaving the axis cylinder intact. [1] It was described by József Mátyás Baló who initially named it "leuko-encephalitis periaxialis concentrica" from the previous definition, [2] and it is currently considered one of the borderline forms of multiple sclerosis.
Myelin sheath of a healthy neuron in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in which activated immune cells invade the central nervous system and cause inflammation, neurodegeneration, and tissue damage. The underlying cause is currently unknown.
In the second group, the myelin is inherently abnormal and undergoes degeneration. [6] The Poser criteria named this second group dysmyelinating diseases. [7] In the most well-known demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, evidence suggests that the body's immune system plays a significant role.