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Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, or to the Johannine community. [1] They are usually dated to the period c. AD 60–110, with a minority of scholars, including Anglican bishop John Robinson, offering the earliest of these datings.
John the Apostle is traditionally held to be the author of the Gospel of John, and many Christian denominations believe that he authored several other books of the New Testament (the three Johannine epistles and the Book of Revelation, together with the Gospel of John, are called the Johannine works), depending on whether he is distinguished ...
The First Epistle of John stands out from the others due to its form, but they're united by language, style, contents, themes, and worldview. [9] The Second and Third Epistles of John are composed as regular greco-roman letters, with greetings and endings, while the First Epistle of John lacks such characteristic markings and instead resembles a sermon or an exhoratory speech.
Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome. His brother James was another of the Twelve Apostles. The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist , John of Patmos , John the Elder , and the Beloved Disciple , and testify that he outlived the remaining apostles and was the only one to die of natural ...
These views echo those of Lutheran scholar Martin Hengel (University of Tübingen), who had theorized in 2000 that the Gospel of John and the Johannine Epistles were authored by John the Presbyter, who, in his view, was a disciple of John the Apostle; in turn, Hengel viewed John the Presbyter as the teacher of Papias of Hierapolis, a view that ...
John the Evangelist [a] (c. 6 AD – c. 100 AD) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Gospel of John.Christians have traditionally identified him with John the Apostle, John of Patmos, and John the Presbyter, [2] although there is no consensus on how many of these may actually be the same individual.
The Acts of John refers to a collection of stories about John the Apostle that began circulating in written form as early as the 2nd-century AD. Translations of the Acts of John in modern languages have been reconstructed by scholars from a number of manuscripts of later date. The Acts of John are generally classified as New Testament apocrypha.
Although Eusebius believed the Apostle wrote the Gospel and the epistles, it is likely that doubt about the fidelity of the author of 2 and 3 John was a factor in causing them to be disputed. [50] By the end of the fourth century the Presbyter (author of 2 and 3 John) was thought to be a different person than the Apostle John.