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Security clearances can be issued by many United States of America government agencies, including the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of State (DOS), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Energy (DoE), the Department of Justice (DoJ), the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
TEMPEST (Telecommunications Electronics Materials Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions [1]) is a U.S. National Security Agency specification and a NATO certification [2] [3] referring to spying on information systems through leaking emanations, including unintentional radio or electrical signals, sounds, and vibrations.
This enables reciprocity between NSI and AEA clearances, although some exceptions exist. The United States' Executive Order 12968 's standards are binding on all of the United States government agencies that handle classified information, but it allows certain agency heads to establish Special Access Programs (SAPs) with additional, but not ...
The CNSS holds discussions of policy issues, sets national policy, directions, operational procedures, and guidance for the information systems operated by the U.S. Government, its contractors or agents that either contain classified information, involve intelligence activities, involve cryptographic activities related to national security, involve command and control of military forces ...
A Type 1 Product refers to an NSA endorsed classified or controlled cryptographic item for classified or sensitive U.S. government information, including cryptographic equipment, assembly or component classified or certified by NSA for encrypting and decrypting classified and sensitive national security information when appropriately keyed.
The technical details of most NSA-approved systems are still classified, but much more about its early systems have become known and its most modern systems share at least some features with commercial products. NSA and its predecessors have produced a number of cipher devices. Rotor machines from the 1940s and 1950s were mechanical marvels.
NSA Suite B Cryptography was a set of cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as part of its Cryptographic Modernization Program. It was to serve as an interoperable cryptographic base for both unclassified information and most classified information .
The SCS is jointly staffed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA). [7] [8] [9] According to intelligence historian James Bamford, "The position of SCS chief alternates between NSA and CIA officials."