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Chaetetids, more formally called "chaetetid hyper-calcified demosponges" (West, 2011), are common calcareous fossils composed of fused tubules. They were previously classified as extinct corals, bryozoans, algae, stromatoporoids and sclerosponges. The chaetetid skeleton has now been shown to be of polyphyletic origin and with little systematic ...
Cliona celata, occasionally called the boring sponge, is a species of demosponge belonging the family Clionaidae. [1] It is found worldwide. This sponge bores round holes up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter in limestone or the shells of molluscs, especially oysters. The sponge itself is often visible as a rather featureless yellow or ...
It is the most speciose demosponge order with over 2200 species (World Porifera Database [2]). It contains about 25 recognised families . They are characterised by having chelae microscleres, that is, the minute spicules scattered through the tissues, usually in the 10-60 μm range, have a shovel-like structure on the end.
Cliona viridis, commonly called the green boring sponge, is a species of demosponge in the family Clionaidae. Its form varies according to the nature of the surface on which it grows. In limestone and other calcareous substrates it excavates channels and chambers while on other types of rock it encrusts the surface or forms massive structures.
Stephens, J. 1915a. Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. I.- The Triaxonia and part of the Tetraxonida. Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations1914(4): 1-43, pls I-V. Cárdenas, P.; Rapp, H.T. (2015). Demosponges from the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge shed more light on the diversity and biogeography of North Atlantic deep-sea sponges.
While it has been argued that this 'sponge biomarker' could have originated from marine algae, recent research suggests that the algae's ability to produce this biomarker evolved only in the Carboniferous; as such, the biomarker remains strongly supportive of the presence of demosponges in the Cryogenian. [104] [105] [106]
Cliona patera, commonly called Neptune's cup sponge, is a species of demosponge in the family Clionaidae. [1]Among the larger known sponges at up to a meter in height and width, the common name Neptune's cup refers to its characteristic wine glass shape and the Roman god of the sea.
Latrunculia biformis, the mud-clump sponge, is a widespread deep sea demosponge from the southern hemisphere. Description This tough and firm sponge is chocolate ...