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The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, [1] as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel ...
Upstream regards exploration and extraction of crude oil, midstream encompasses transportation and storage of crude, and downstream concerns refining crude oil into various end products. Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is necessary for the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, making it a critical ...
GM – gas migration; GOC – gas oil contact; GOM – Gulf of Mexico; GOP – geological operations report; GOR – gas oil ratio; GOSP – gas/oil separation plant; GPIT – general-purpose inclinometry tool (borehole survey) [16] GPLT – geol plot log [clarification needed] GPTG – gallons per thousand gallons; GPM – gallons per Mcf ...
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Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority (Urdu: اختیاریہ برائے ضابطہَ تیل و گیس, abbreviated as OGRA) is an agency of the Government of Pakistan, responsible for regulating the oil and gas sector in Pakistan. It was established in 2002.
Petroleum [a] is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture. It consists mainly of hydrocarbons, [1] and is found in geological formations.The term petroleum refers both to naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil, as well as to petroleum products that consist of refined crude oil.
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. The midstream sector involves the transportation (by pipeline , rail, barge, oil tanker or truck), storage, and wholesale marketing of crude or refined petroleum products.
The state can agree with the licensees to take it in kind or in cash. This arrangement applies to both crude oil and to natural gas, both in concessionary and contractual license systems. Production shares. The body of a production sharing contract layouts the production share between the contractor(s) and the state or its state-owned oil ...