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As of December 2023, 1,065.9 km (662.3 mi) [106] of motorways are in use with a small portion of Lugoj-Deva (between Margina and Holdea) to be finished while Sibiu-Pitești is still tendering. The railway network , which was significantly expanded during the Communist years, is the fourth largest in Europe.
Country foreign exchange reserves minus external debt. In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter or a year) and the outflow of money to the rest of the world.
In economics, economic rent is any payment to the owner of a factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production. [1] In classical economics, economic rent is any payment made (including imputed value) or benefit received for non-produced inputs such as location and for assets formed by creating official privilege over natural opportunities (e.g., patents).
Joseph Schumpeter, an economist associated with both the Austrian School and the institutional school of economics, argued that the changing nature of economic activity (specifically the increasing bureaucratization and specialization required in production and management) was the major cause for capitalism eventually evolving into socialism ...
It usually consists of Swedish professors of economics or related subjects who are members of the academy, although the academy in principle could appoint anyone to the committee. Two of the members of the founding committee as well as later members of the committee had also been associated with the Mont Pelerin Society .
In 2023, 64% of firms that took part in a survey on investment were concerned about energy prices, while 46% were concerned about regulatory frameworks and pricing instability. Businesses in Central, Southern and Eastern Europe reported a higher rate of energy consumption increases of 25% or more than the EU average (77% vs. 68%). [35]
The Sahm rule has received recognition by popular economics news sources. [ 28 ] [ 14 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] American financial weekly newspaper Barron's describes the metric as a "well-regarded economic rule", [ 31 ] American financial news channel CNBC labels the recession indicator as a "fail-safe gauge," [ 32 ] while Investopedia writes that ...
2023 Argentine general election. The second part of the presidential debates is held. 2023 Luxembourg general election. Luxembourg goes to the polls to elect the Chamber of Deputies. Sports. 2023 Chicago Marathon. Kelvin Kiptum sets a new marathon world record at the Chicago Marathon, becoming the first runner to break 2 hours and 1 minute.