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Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
Iliocostal friction syndrome, also known as costoiliac impingement syndrome, is a condition in which the costal margin comes in contact with the iliac crest.The condition presents as low back pain which may radiate to other surrounding areas as a result of irritated nerve, tendon, and muscle structures.
The CVA is an anatomic concept of the relationship of the 12th rib to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1] There is one CVA on each side of the spine. [2] The lateral part of the CVA is formed by the lower border of the 12th rib, and the medial part of the CVA is formed by the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1]
The kidney lies directly below this area, so is the place where, with percussion (Latin: sucussio renalis), pain is elicited when the person has kidney inflammation. The presence of pain is marked as a positive Murphy's punch sign or as costovertebral angle tenderness .
Pain across the costal margin is most commonly caused by costochondritis. [ 6 ] The costal paradox , also known as Hoover's sign and the costal margin paradox , is a sign where the costal angle decreases upon inspiration rather than increasing, indicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
The sternocostal joints, also known as sternochondral joints or costosternal articulations, are synovial plane joints of the costal cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum. [1]
Spells of pain usually last less than a few minutes. Typically it begins at rest and other symptoms are absent. Concerns about the condition may result in anxiety. [1] The underlying cause is unclear. Some believe the pain may be from the chest wall or irritation of an intercostal nerve. [1] [2] Risk factors include psychological stress. [2]
A disc herniation or spinal disc herniation is an injury to the intervertebral disc between two vertebrae, usually caused by excessive strain or trauma to the spine.It may result in back pain, pain or sensation in different parts of the body, and physical disability.