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In the study of social transmissions, one of the important unanswered questions is an explanation of how and why maladaptive social traditions are maintained. For example, in one study [ citation needed ] on social transmission in guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ), naïve fish preferred taking a long, energetically costly route to a feeder that ...
Animal rights activists argue that hunting for sport is cruel, unnecessary, and unethical. [1] [2] They note the pain, suffering and cruelty inflicted on animals who are hunted. [1] [2] The term anti-hunting is used to describe opponents of hunting; while it does not appear to be pejorative, it is widely used as such by pro-hunting people.
Stalking or still hunting is the practice of walking quietly in search of animals or in pursuit of an individual animal. Tracking is the practice of reading physical evidence in pursuing animals. Trapping is the use of devices such as snares, pits, and deadfalls to capture or kill an animal.
A wide variety of social animals learn from other members of their group or pack. Wolves, for example, learn multiple hunting strategies from the other pack members. A large number of bird species also engage in cultural learning; such learning is critical for the survival of some species.
North American hunting pre-dates the United States by thousands of years and was an important part of many pre-Columbian Native American cultures. Native Americans retain some hunting rights and are exempt from some laws as part of Indian treaties and otherwise under federal law [1] —examples include eagle feather laws and exemptions in the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
Hunting is seen as more cost effective for men than for women. [5] The division of labor allows both types of resources (animals and plants) to be utilized. [5] Individual or small group hunting requires patience and skill more than strength, so women are just as capable as men.
Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change. It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation and other forms of social transmission". [1] Cultural evolution is the change of this information ...
A subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the conservative, standard or dominant culture to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters.