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In psychometrics, predictive validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, the validity of a cognitive test for job performance is the correlation between test scores and, for example, supervisor performance ratings.
The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool measures what it claims to measure. [3] Validity is based on the strength of a collection of different types of evidence (e.g. face validity, construct validity, etc.) described in greater detail below.
Any more complex theory might still possibly be true. A study of the predictive validity of Occam's razor found 32 published papers that included 97 comparisons of economic forecasts from simple and complex forecasting methods. None of the papers provided a balance of evidence that complexity of method improved forecast accuracy.
Although concurrent and predictive validity are similar, it is cautioned to keep the terms and findings separated. "Concurrent validity should not be used as a substitute for predictive validity without an appropriate supporting rationale." [3] Criterion validity is typically assessed by comparison with a gold standard test. [4]
Test validity is the extent to which a test (such as a chemical, physical, or scholastic test) accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.In the fields of psychological testing and educational testing, "validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests". [1]
Many psychologists and education researchers saw "predictive, concurrent, and content validities as essentially ad hoc, construct validity was the whole of validity from a scientific point of view" [15] In the 1974 version of The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing the inter-relatedness of the three different aspects of validity ...
Validity has two distinct fields of application in psychology. The first is test validity (or Construct validity ), the degree to which a test measures what it was designed to measure. The second is experimental validity (or External validity ), the degree to which a study supports the intended conclusion drawn from the results.
Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments , the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results.