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A pair of poppet valves bent by collision with a piston after timing belt failure. The engine was running at 4500 RPM. In interference engine designs, replacing a timing belt in regular intervals (manufacturers recommend intervals ranging from 60,000 to 104,000 miles) or repairing chain issues as soon as they are discovered is essential, as incorrect timing may result in the pistons and valves ...
Aside from the belt/chain itself, also common is a failure of the tensioner, and/or the various gear and idler bearings, causing the belt/chain to derail. Furthermore, in engines where the timing belt drives the water pump, failure of the water pump can cause the pump to seize, which can break the timing belt or chain.
One critical maintenance issue specific to the Yugo 55 and 65 (the 45 was a 903 cc pushrod engine, with a timing chain) [39] was the need for regular replacement of the interference engine's timing belt — every 40,000 miles (64,000 km). [38] In a non-interference engine, timing belt failure does not cause further damage to the engine.
1993–97 3.5 L engines are a non-interference design, in which the valves will not collide with the pistons in the event of a timing belt failure. The 1998–2001 3.2 L, the 1998–2010 3.5 L, and the 2007–2011 4.0 L engines are interference designs.
[11]: 94–95 [12]: 250 If the timing belt is not replaced in time and fails and the engine is an interference engine, major engine damage is possible. The first known automotive application of timing belts to drive overhead camshafts was the 1953 Devin-Panhard racing specials built for the SCCA H-modified racing series in the United States.
Another cause for timing belt failure is improperly adjusting the timing belt on engines with a manual tensioner (1989 to very early 1990 models only) or improperly adjusting the balance shaft belt. Because this is an interference engine, damage will occur if the timing belt fails. Another common occurrence is that the balance shaft's oil seals ...
Because they are non-interference engines, if the timing belt fails, the engine of the models up to 1995 will not be damaged. The oil pump is driven directly from the crank shaft and the waterpump by the timing belt. All DOHC and 1998–up SOHC EJ engines are interference engines, if the timing belt fails the valves will likely be damaged.
An indentation is incorporated into the piston head to prevent the pistons from hitting the valves, should the timing belt break (this is not true of the later BEAMS - an acronym which stands for Breakthrough Engine with Advanced Mechanism System - motors). This is commonly referred to as a "non-interference" engine.
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