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Housing discrimination in the United States refers to the historical and current barriers, policies, and biases that prevent equitable access to housing.Housing discrimination became more pronounced after the abolition of slavery in 1865, typically as part of Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation.
Although racial discrimination in housing market processes is outlawed by several court decisions and legislation, there is evidence that it still occurs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For example, an HUD Housing Market Practice survey found that African Americans felt discriminated against in the renting and/or buying process of housing. [ 1 ]
"The United States Supreme Court defines steering as a 'practice by which real estate brokers and agents preserve and encourage patterns of racial segregation in available housing by steering members of racial and ethnic groups to buildings occupied primarily by members of such racial and ethnic groups and away from buildings and neighborhoods ...
Housing discrimination can also occur among existing tenants, who may face detrimental treatment in comparison to others for the same reasons. Housing discrimination can lead to spatial inequality and racial segregation, which, in turn, can exacerbate wealth disparities between certain groups.
The first period extended until the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era, the second period spanned the nadir of American race relations period until the early 20th century, and the last period began with World War II and the civil rights movement, which led to the repeal of racial segregation laws. Racial legislation has been ...
Racially restrictive covenants were common in Los Angeles County in the early 1900s. L.A. County has hired a contractor to redact the racist language from millions of records.
In African-American history, the post–civil rights era is defined as the time period in the United States since Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, major federal legislation that ended legal segregation, gained federal oversight and enforcement of voter registration and electoral practices in states or areas ...
The drawing of school districts is rooted in real estate redlining, a form of lending discrimination against Black families that began in the 1930s. Banks in the U.S. denied mortgages to people of ...