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Christianity "preached a liberating message of freedom". It was a revolution in the rules of behavior, but also in the very image of the human being as a sexual being, free, frail and awesomely responsible for one's own self to God alone. "It was a revolution in the nature of society's claims on the moral agent...
Christianity had a more subtle effect, reaching far beyond the converted population to potential modernizers. The introduction of European medicine was especially important, as well as the introduction of European political practices and ideals such as religious liberty, mass education, mass printing, newspapers, voluntary organizations ...
The second-largest Christian group in Europe were the Orthodox, who made up 32% of European Christians. [3] About 19% of European Christians were part of the mainline Protestant tradition. [3] Russia is the largest Christian country in Europe by population, followed by Germany and Italy. [3]
[330] [331] One significant effect of the Crusades was the invention of the indulgence. [332] By the end of the eleventh century, Christianity was disappearing in Mesopotamia and inner Iran, although some communities continued to exist further to the east. [333]
The traditional social stratification of the Occident in the 15th century. Church and state in medieval Europe was the relationship between the Catholic Church and the various monarchies and other states in Europe during the Middle Ages (between the end of Roman authority in the West in the fifth century to their end in the East in the fifteenth century and the beginning of the Modern era).
Though by 800 western Europe was ruled entirely by Christian kings, central and eastern Europe remained areas of missionary activity. In the ninth century SS. Cyril and Methodius had extensive missionary activities among the Slavic peoples, translating the Bible and liturgy into Slavonic.
1054 – Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Georgia, Alania, Bulgaria, Serbs, and Rus' are Orthodox Catholics with East-West Schism while Western Europe becomes Roman Catholic; 1096 – Maronites return from Monothelite to Catholic [14] [15] c. 1100 – Circassia (most of the country would remain pagan in spite of Georgian expansion into the region)