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Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary (Vietnamese: từ Hán Việt, Chữ Hán: 詞漢越, literally 'Chinese-Vietnamese words') is a layer of about 3,000 monosyllabic morphemes of the Vietnamese language borrowed from Literary Chinese with consistent pronunciations based on Middle Chinese. Compounds using these morphemes are used extensively in cultural ...
For example, the Vietnamese term for "association club", câu lạc bộ, which was borrowed from Chinese (俱乐部, pinyin: jùlèbù, jyutping: keoi1 lok6 bou6), and then in turn from Japanese (kanji: 倶楽部, katakana: クラブ, rōmaji: kurabu) which came from the English "club", resulting in indirect borrowing from Japanese.
Another example is Jiaozhi (article title in pinyin without Chinese tones) or Jiāozhǐ (pinyin) in Vietnamese Giao Chỉ. A consistent style should be used for a given article. Factors to consider include use by the source materials and whether the article has a Vietnamese or a Chinese orientation.
Current and past writing systems for Vietnamese in the Vietnamese alphabet and in chữ Hán Nôm. Spoken and written Vietnamese today uses the Latin script-based Vietnamese alphabet to represent native Vietnamese words (thuần Việt), Vietnamese words which are of Chinese origin (Hán-Việt, or Sino-Vietnamese), and other foreign loanwords.
Từ điển bách khoa Việt Nam (lit: Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Vietnam) is a state-sponsored Vietnamese-language encyclopedia that was first published in 1995. It has four volumes consisting of 40,000 entries, the final of which was published in 2005. [1] The encyclopedia was republished in 2011.
San Diu people or "Mountain Yao"/"Mountain Chinese ", Yao people who speak an archaic dialect of Cantonese as well as Iu Mien; People of Vietnamese origin in China: Gin people, one of the 55 officially recognised ethnic minorities of China, whose native language is Vietnamese; Vietnamese people in Hong Kong; Conflicts: Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979
The complex relationship between spoken and written Chinese is an example of diglossia: as spoken, Chinese varieties have evolved at different rates, while the written language used throughout China changed comparatively little, crystallizing into a prestige form known as Classical or Literary Chinese.
Modern Han Chinese consists of about 412 syllables [1] in 5 tones, so homophones abound and most non-Han words have multiple possible transcriptions. This is particularly true since Chinese is written as monosyllabic logograms, and consonant clusters foreign to Chinese must be broken into their constituent sounds (or omitted), despite being thought of as a single unit in their original language.