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The specific way of assigning numerical values for temperature is establishing a scale of temperature. [1] [2] [3] In practical terms, a temperature scale is always based on usually a single physical property of a simple thermodynamic system, called a thermometer, that defines a scaling function for mapping the temperature to the measurable ...
This is a collection of temperature conversion formulas and comparisons among eight different temperature scales, several of which have long been obsolete.. Temperatures on scales that either do not share a numeric zero or are nonlinearly related cannot correctly be mathematically equated (related using the symbol =), and thus temperatures on different scales are more correctly described as ...
In the United States, the Fahrenheit scale is the most widely used. On this scale the freezing point of water corresponds to 32 °F and the boiling point to 212 °F. The Rankine scale, still used in fields of chemical engineering in the US, is an absolute scale based on the Fahrenheit increment.
The scale is supposed to be the Kelvin scale shifted so the boiling points of hydrogen and oxygen are zero and 70 respectively. For oxygen, the 1 atm boiling point is in the 90.15 to 90.18 K range. For hydrogen, it depends on the variety; it is 20.390 K for "normal" hydrogen [75% orthohydrogen, 25% parahydrogen] and 20.268 K for pure parahydrogen.
With the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales now both defined by the kelvin, this relationship was preserved, a temperature interval of 1 °F being equal to an interval of 5 ⁄ 9 K and of 5 ⁄ 9 °C. The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales intersect numerically at −40 in the respective unit (i.e., −40 °F ≘ −40 °C).
[1]: 19 The development of today's thermometers and temperature scales began in the early 18th century, when Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit produced a mercury thermometer and scale, both developed by Ole Christensen Rømer. Fahrenheit's scale is still in use, alongside the Celsius and Kelvin scales.
Temperatures measured with equipment calibrated per ITS-90 may be expressed using any temperature scale such as Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, or Rankine. For example, a temperature can be measured using equipment calibrated to the kelvin-based ITS-90 standard, and that value may then be converted to, and expressed as, a value on the Fahrenheit ...
The factor–label method can convert only unit quantities for which the units are in a linear relationship intersecting at 0 (ratio scale in Stevens's typology). Most conversions fit this paradigm. An example for which it cannot be used is the conversion between the Celsius scale and the Kelvin scale (or the Fahrenheit scale). Between degrees ...