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Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
A typical nominal regulated gauge pressure from a medical oxygen regulator is 3.4 bars (50 psi), for an absolute pressure of approximately 4.4 bar and a pressure ratio of about 4.4 without back pressure, so they will have choked flow in the metering orifices for a downstream (outlet) pressure of up to about 2.3 bar absolute.
Rather than ingesting sea water in order to change their internal salinity, sharks are able to absorb sea water directly. This is due to the high concentration of urea kept inside their bodies. This high concentration of urea creates a diffusion gradient which permits the shark to absorb water in order to equalize the concentration difference ...
Ch.3 [2]: 156–164, § 3.5 The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738. [3] Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. [4] [5]
is the hydrostatic pressure (Pa), is the fluid density (kg/m 3), is gravitational acceleration (m/s 2), is the height (parallel to the direction of gravity) of the test area (m), is the height of the zero reference point of the pressure (m)
R is the specific gas constant = 287.053 J/(kg K) T is the absolute temperature in kelvins = 288.15 K at sea level, g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.806 65 m/s 2 at sea level, P is the pressure at a given point at elevation z in Pascals, and; P 0 is pressure at the reference point = 101,325 Pa at sea level.
"The majority of the adult body is water, up to 60% of your weight," says Schnoll-Sussman, adding that the average person's weight can fluctuate one to five pounds per day due to water.
The common advice to drink 8 glasses (1,900 mL or 64 US fl oz) of plain water per day is not scientific; thirst is a better guide for how much water to drink than is a specific, fixed amount. [4] Americans aged 21 and older, on average, drink 1,043 mL (36.7 imp fl oz; 35.3 US fl oz) of drinking water a day, and 95% drink less than 2,958 mL (104 ...