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  2. Dry lab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_lab

    An example of a dry lab is one where computational or applied mathematical analyses are done on a computer-generated model to simulate a phenomenon in the physical realm. [1] Examples of such phenomena include a molecule changing quantum states, the event horizon of a black hole or anything that otherwise might be impossible or too dangerous to ...

  3. Condenser (laboratory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(laboratory)

    Designing and maintaining systems and processes using condensers requires that the heat of the entering vapor never overwhelm the ability of the chosen condenser and cooling mechanism; as well, the thermal gradients and material flows established are critical aspects, and as processes scale from laboratory to pilot plant and beyond, the design ...

  4. Dry distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_distillation

    Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). The method may involve pyrolysis or thermolysis, or it may not (for instance, a simple mixture of ice and glass could be separated without breaking any chemical bonds, but organic matter contains a greater diversity of molecules, some of which are likely to break).

  5. Cooling bath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_bath

    Both flasks are submerged in a dry ice/acetone cooling bath (−78 °C) the temperature of which is being monitored by a thermocouple (the wire on the left). A cooling bath or ice bath , in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C.

  6. Sources and sinks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_and_sinks

    From left to right: a field with a source, a field with a sink, a field without either. In the physical sciences, engineering and mathematics, sources and sinks is an analogy used to describe properties of vector fields. It generalizes the idea of fluid sources and sinks (like the faucet and drain of a bathtub) across different scientific ...

  7. Hydrothermal carbonization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_carbonization

    As a result of the exothermic reaction of hydrothermal carbonization, about 3/8 of the calorific value of the biomass based on the dry mass is released (with a high lignin, resin and/or oil content of at least 1/4). If the process is managed properly, it is possible to use this waste heat from wet biomass to produce dry biocoal and to use some ...

  8. Laboratory drying rack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_drying_rack

    The examples of stainless steel laboratory drying rack are flask holders, soap dispensers, paper towel dispensers, glove box holders, drain shelves. [1] Stainless steel pegboard installation is very easy and quick to set up with basic hand equipment's, and it does not damage the wall as mounting brackets and hardware are being used.

  9. Dean–Stark apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean–Stark_apparatus

    A common example is the removal of water generated during a reaction in boiling toluene. An azeotropic mixture of toluene and water distills out of the reaction, but only the toluene (density 0.865 g/ml) returns, since it floats on top of the water (density 0.998 g/ml), which collects in the trap. Some high-boiling liquids that have an ...