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The birth of the modern transmission line speaker design came about in 1965 with the publication of A.R. Bailey's article in Wireless World, “A Non-resonant Loudspeaker Enclosure Design”, [16] detailing a working Transmission Line. Bailey followed up his first article with a second one in 1972. [18]
Exploded-view diagram showing the IMF Reference Standard Professional Monitor Mk IV speaker by renowned transmission line loudspeaker pioneer John Wright (of IMF/TDL), from the 1970s. The complex shape of the transmission line allowed a full frequency range of 17 Hz to "beyond audibility" and loudspeaker sensitivity of 80 dB (specified as 96 dB ...
Two-inch port tube installed in the top of a Polk S10 speaker cabinet as part of a DIY audio project. This port is flared. Unlike closed-box loudspeakers, which are nearly airtight, a bass reflex system has an opening called a port or vent cut into the cabinet, generally consisting of a pipe or duct (typically circular or rectangular cross section).
The design is often described as non-resonant, and some designs are sufficiently stuffed with absorbent material that there is indeed not much output from the line's port. But it is the inherent resonance (typically at 1/4 wavelength) that can enhance the bass response in this type of enclosure, albeit with less absorbent stuffing.
This frequency is known as the free-space resonance of the loudspeaker and is designated by F s. At this frequency, the voice coil is vibrating in the speaker's magnetic field with maximum peak-to-peak amplitude and velocity. The back EMF generated by this movement is also at its maximum. The electrical impedance of the speaker varies with the ...
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The two most common types of speaker enclosure are acoustic suspension (sometimes called pneumatic suspension) and bass reflex.In both cases, the tuning affects the lower end of the driver's response, but above a certain frequency, the driver itself becomes the dominant factor and the size of the enclosure and ports (if any) become irrelevant.