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Figure 1: The adaptive and maladaptive cycles resulting from agonistic (hierarchical) encounters. [5]Unlike other evolutionary explanations of depression, rank theory is able to explain why depression is incapacitating: [1] by functioning as a substitute for physical damage, incapacitation prevents the 'loser' from posing a threat to the competitor they challenged.
Damage to the left hemisphere in patients results in a marked increase in depression. [n 7] Valence asymmetry may be due to more cholinergic and dopaminergic on the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere being more noradrenergic. Patients with right hemisphere damage had reduced arousal response to painful stimuli.
Eventually he separated it from anxiety neurosis, though he believed that a combination of the two conditions existed in many cases. [3] In 19th-century Britain and, by extension, across the British Empire, neurasthenia was also used to describe mental exhaustion or fatigue in “brain workers” or in the context of “overstudy”. [15]
Instead of studying one brain region, studying large scale brain networks is another approach to understanding psychiatric and neurological disorders, [159] supported by recent research that has shown that multiple brain regions are involved in these disorders. Understanding the disruptions in these networks may provide important insights into ...
Broca's aphasia is a specific type of expressive aphasia and is so named due to the aphasia that results from damage or lesions to the Broca's area of the brain, that exists most commonly in the left inferior frontal hemisphere. Thus, the aphasia that develops from the lack of functioning of the Broca's area is an expressive and non-fluent aphasia.
Psychological stress can be external and related to the environment, [3] but may also be caused by internal perceptions that cause an individual to experience anxiety or other negative emotions surrounding a situation, such as pressure, discomfort, etc., which they then deem stressful.
Jake Haendel was diagnosed with a terminal brain illness that triggered locked-in syndrome, which left him unable to move or speak The 36-year-old was in the coma-like state for 10 months as ...
Development of low self-esteem, poor social skills, and trouble being assertive are also common signs of social anxiety disorder. [65] Social anxiety disorder can be treated with many different types of therapy and medication. Exposure therapy is an effective method of treating social anxiety.