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  2. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae , published in 1801.

  3. Modulo (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_(mathematics)

    Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.

  4. Arithmetic geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_geometry

    In 2001, the proof of the local Langlands conjectures for GL n was based on the geometry of certain Shimura varieties. [27] In the 2010s, Peter Scholze developed perfectoid spaces and new cohomology theories in arithmetic geometry over p-adic fields with application to Galois representations and certain cases of the weight-monodromy conjecture ...

  5. Module (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module_(mathematics)

    The set of submodules of a given module M, together with the two binary operations + (the module spanned by the union of the arguments) and ∩, forms a lattice that satisfies the modular law: Given submodules U, N 1, N 2 of M such that N 1 ⊆ N 2, then the following two submodules are equal: (N 1 + U) ∩ N 2 = N 1 + (U ∩ N 2).

  6. Modulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulus

    Modulus (modular arithmetic), base of modular arithmetic; Modulus, the absolute value of a real or complex number ( | a |) Moduli space, in mathematics a geometric space whose points represent algebro-geometric objects; Conformal modulus, a measure of the size of a curve family; Modulus of continuity, a function gauging the uniform continuity ...

  7. Modular multiplicative inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_multiplicative_inverse

    The congruence relation, modulo m, partitions the set of integers into m congruence classes. Operations of addition and multiplication can be defined on these m objects in the following way: To either add or multiply two congruence classes, first pick a representative (in any way) from each class, then perform the usual operation for integers on the two representatives and finally take the ...

  8. Thue's lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thue's_lemma

    The original proof of Thue's lemma is not efficient, in the sense that it does not provide any fast method for computing the solution. The extended Euclidean algorithm, allows us to provide a proof that leads to an efficient algorithm that has the same computational complexity of the Euclidean algorithm.

  9. Glossary of arithmetic and diophantine geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_arithmetic_and...

    Arithmetic geometry can be more generally defined as the study of schemes of finite type over the spectrum of the ring of integers. [1] Arithmetic geometry has also been defined as the application of the techniques of algebraic geometry to problems in number theory. [2] See also the glossary of number theory terms at Glossary of number theory

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