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  2. Food chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chain

    Food chain in a Swedish lake. Osprey feed on northern pike, which in turn feed on perch which eat bleak which eat crustaceans.. A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice ...

  3. Food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

    An expanded three link energy food chain (1. plants, 2. herbivores, 3. carnivores) illustrating the relationship between food flow diagrams and energy transformity. The transformity of energy becomes degraded, dispersed, and diminished from higher quality to lesser quantity as the energy within a food chain flows from one trophic species into ...

  4. Trophic level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_level

    Within a food web, a food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. A food web starts at trophic level 1 with primary producers such as plants, can move to herbivores at level 2, carnivores at level ...

  5. Marine food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_food_web

    A food web model is a network of food chains. Each food chain starts with a primary producer or autotroph, an organism, such as an alga or a plant, which is able to manufacture its own food. Next in the chain is an organism that feeds on the primary producer, and the chain continues in this way as a string of successive predators.

  6. Ecological pyramid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_pyramid

    The rate of biomass production of an organism is required, which involves measuring growth and reproduction through time. There is still the difficulty of assigning the organisms to a specific trophic level. As well as the organisms in the food chains there is the problem of assigning the decomposers and detritivores to a particular level.

  7. Soil food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_food_web

    The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil. It describes a complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment, plants, and animals.

  8. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    In order to more efficiently show the quantity of organisms at each trophic level, these food chains are then organized into trophic pyramids. [1] The arrows in the food chain show that the energy flow is unidirectional, with the head of an arrow indicating the direction of energy flow; energy is lost as heat at each step along the way. [2] [3]

  9. Trophic cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_cascade

    Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems, occurring when a trophic level in a food web is suppressed. For example, a top-down cascade will occur if predators are effective enough in predation to reduce the abundance, or alter the behavior of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation (or herbivory if the intermediate ...