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Western spruce budworm caterpillar, sixth (final) instar. Adult moths are about 1 / 2 inch (12.7 mm) long and have a wing-spread of 7 / 8 to 1 1 / 8 inches (22 to 28mm). Moths of both sexes are similar in appearance, although the females are a bit more robust than males. Both sexes fly.
Long-distance migration of the spruce budworm does occur as they can disperse across distances ranging from 20 to 450 km. In northern Minnesota, spruce budworm moths emigrate to the east lakeshore of Lake Superior in Ontario, Canada, because of seasonal changes. Dispersal is influenced heavily by temperature as low temperatures can slow down ...
He specialized in pest management, insecticide field tests, and chemical control operations. [6] His studies concerning spruce budworms contributed to the Environmental Protection Agency's approval of alternatives to DDT against the pest. [7] In 1968, Williams was assigned to New Haven, Connecticut to study the invasive bark beetle. [2]
Choristoneura freemani Razowski, 2008, western spruce budworm; Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens, 1865), eastern spruce budworm; Choristoneura griseicoma (Meyrick, 1924) Choristoneura hebenstreitella (Muller, 1764), mountain-ash tortricid; Choristoneura heliaspis (Meyrick, 1909) Choristoneura improvisana (Kuznetsov, 1973)
It is the most commonly used pesticide and is used against other pests, including the western spruce budworm and other Choristoneura and the tent caterpillar. When Bt is taken internally, the insect is paralyzed, stops feeding, and dies of starvation or disease. Chemical pesticides are contact poisons and stomach poisons.
The eastern spruce budworm is an example of a destructive insect in fir and spruce forests. Birds are a natural form of biological control, but the Trichogramma minutum, a species of parasitic wasp, has been investigated as an alternative to more controversial chemical controls. [64]
Numerous plants have been introduced to the US state of New Jersey in the last four hundred years, and many of them have become invasive species that compete with the native plants and suppress their growth. Duke Farms identified 55 invasive species on its property and investigates methods to
Cattle drenches can be applied through a solution poured on the back, throat or an injection. [1] [2] Cattle drenches are predominately necessary for young cattle with weaker immune systems that are susceptible to parasite infestation. [1] Drenching is a common method for controlling parasites in the meat and dairy industries. [1]