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A typical precocial mammal has a gestation period almost four times longer than a typical altricial mammal of the same body size. [34] Precocial mammal species generally have greater adult body weights than altricial mammals as precocial mammals have markedly longer gestation periods than altricial mammals. [35]
Female cattle, also referred to as "heifers" in agriculture, will gradually enter standing estrus, or "standing heat," starting at puberty between 9 and 15 months of age. The cow estrous cycle typically lasts 21 days. [5] Standing estrus is a visual cue which signifies sexual receptivity for mounting by male cattle.
However, horses with a low body condition score lack the fat reserves for strenuous work and also may lack lean muscle. [10] Horses with a very high body condition score carry too much weight, which interferes with stamina and biomechanics. Some studies addressed the relationship of body condition score and endurance performance in endurance races.
The gestation period for a cow is about nine months long. The ratio of male to female offspring at birth is approximately 52:48. [ 15 ] A cow's udder has two pairs of mammary glands or teats. [ 16 ]
The duration of this period varies between species. For most species, the amount a fetus grows before birth determines the length of the gestation period. Smaller species normally have a shorter gestation period than larger animals. [2] For example, a cat's gestation normally takes 58–65 days while an elephant's takes nearly 2 years (21 ...
The horse is considered a "thin animal" (with little fat), whose weight is divided into approximately 11% bone, 50% muscle and 9% fat; [2] but a large number of factors influence its weight. Some breeds ( draft horses ) are naturally heavier than others ( ponies ), and differ in size and bone structure, so the weight range of horses is highly ...
The Dutch cow was also considered to require more quality fodder and need more looking after than some English cattle that could easily be out-wintered. In an era of agricultural depression, breed societies notably had flourished, as a valuable export trade developed for traditional British breeds of cattle.
As of 2012 in Australia and using dressed weight for the output, a FCR calculated using weight of dressed meat of 4.5 was fair, 4.0 was considered "good", and 3.8, "very good". [17] The FCR of pigs is greatest up to the period, when pigs weigh 220 pounds. During this period, their FCR is 3.5. [16]