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A mature female big-cone pine (Pinus coulteri) cone, the heaviest pine cone A young female cone on a Norway spruce (Picea abies) Immature male cones of Swiss pine (Pinus cembra) A conifer cone , or in formal botanical usage a strobilus , pl. : strobili , is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants, especially in conifers and cycads .
In adults the leaves become smaller, just 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and press against one-another tightly. [5] Male and female cones, or strobili, appear first in sub-adults but on different male and female trees. Male cones are 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long, rectangular shaped, and covered in a yellow pollen.
Strobili are often called cones, but some botanists restrict the use of the term cone to the woody seed strobili of conifers. Strobili are characterized by a central axis (anatomically a stem ) surrounded by spirally arranged or decussate structures that may be modified leaves or modified stems .
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (/ p ɪ ˈ n ɒ f ɪ t ə, ˈ p aɪ n oʊ f aɪ t ə /), also known as Coniferophyta (/ ˌ k ɒ n ɪ f ə ˈ r ɒ f ɪ t ə,-oʊ f aɪ t ə /) or Coniferae.
Cryptomeria japonica: (left) shoot with mature cones and immature male cones at top; (centre) adult foliage shoot; (right) juvenile foliage shoot Cryptomeria is a very large evergreen tree , reaching up to 70 m (230 ft) tall and 4 m (13 ft) trunk diameter, with red-brown bark which peels in vertical strips.
Tetraclinis cones. The seed cones are either woody, leathery, or (in Juniperus) berry-like and fleshy, with one to several ovules per scale. The bract scale and ovuliferous scale are fused together except at the apex, where the bract scale is often visible as a short spine (often called an umbo) on the ovuliferous scale. As with the foliage ...
Podocarpus (/ ˌ p oʊ d ə ˈ k ɑːr p ə s / [2]) is a genus of conifers, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family, the Podocarpaceae. Podocarpus species are evergreen shrubs or trees, usually from 1 to 25 m (3 to 82 ft) tall, known to reach 40 m (130 ft) at times.
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, known as Port Orford cedar [2] or Lawson's cypress, [3] is a species of conifer in the genus Chamaecyparis, family Cupressaceae. It is native to Oregon and northwestern California , and grows from sea level up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) in the valleys of the Klamath Mountains , often along streams.