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An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface. [1]: 2 [2]: 622 The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be one of several types of particles, depending on the conductor.
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge.Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations.
The 16th century marked the beginning of scientific understanding of electricity and magnetism that culminated with the production of electric power and the Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In the 1550s, English scientist William Gilbert spent 17 years experimenting with magnetism and, to a lesser extent, electricity. For his ...
English chemist John Daniell (left) and physicist Michael Faraday (right), both credited as founders of electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change.
An example of a galvanic cell consists of two different metals, each immersed in separate beakers containing their respective metal ions in solution that are connected by a salt bridge or separated by a porous membrane. [1] Volta was the inventor of the voltaic pile, the first electrical battery.
Molten salts can also be electrolytes as, for example, when sodium chloride is molten, the liquid conducts electricity. In particular, ionic liquids, which are molten salts with melting points below 100 °C, [ 15 ] are a type of highly conductive non-aqueous electrolytes and thus have found more and more applications in fuel cells and batteries.
Faraday discovered that when the same amount of electric current is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the masses of the substances deposited or liberated at the electrodes are directly proportional to their respective chemical equivalent/equivalent weight (E). [3]
Symbol [1] Name of quantity Unit name Symbol Base units E energy: joule: J = C⋅V = W⋅s kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2: Q electric charge: coulomb: C A⋅s I electric current: ampere