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  2. List of family name affixes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes

    Fitz – (Irish, from Norman French) "son of", from Latin " filius" meaning "son" (mistakenly thought to mean illegitimate son, because of its use for certain illegitimate sons of English kings) [citation needed] i – "and", always in lowercase, used to identify both surnames (e.g. Antoni Gaudí i Cornet) [11]

  3. Surname - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname

    First/given/forename, middle, and last/family/surname with John Fitzgerald Kennedy as example. This shows a structure typical for Anglophonic cultures (and some others). Other cultures use other structures for full names. A surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family.

  4. Given name - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_name

    A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name [1] that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a family or clan) who have a common surname.

  5. Anglicisation of names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicisation_of_names

    As Gaelic spelling rules required the first letter of a name preceded by Mac or Nic to be lenited (providing it was a consonant other than l, n, or r, which are not generally lenited in Gaelic, or c or g; although in the case of the last two, they are lenited when the intended connotation is "son/daughter of" rather than a surname. By example ...

  6. Maiden and married names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names

    When a person (traditionally the wife in many cultures) assumes the family name of their spouse, in some countries that name replaces the person's previous surname, which in the case of the wife is called the maiden name ("birth name" is also used as a gender-neutral or masculine substitute for maiden name), whereas a married name is a family name or surname adopted upon marriage.

  7. Personal name - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name

    In Western culture, nearly all individuals possess at least one given name (also known as a first name, forename, or Christian name), together with a surname (also known as a last name or family name). In the name "James Smith", for example, James is the first name and Smith is the surname.

  8. List of irregularly spelled English names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_irregularly...

    / ʃ ɪ ˈ v ɔː n / Regular as Irish Siobhán: Stephen: STEE-vən / ˈ s t iː v ən / Theresa: tə-REE-sə / t ə ˈ r iː s ə / American pronunciation Theresa: tə-REE-zə / t ə ˈ r iː z ə / Non-American pronunciation Thomas: TOM-əs / ˈ t ɒ m ə s / Vaugh(a)n: VAWN / ˈ v ɔː n / Regular as Welsh Fychan: Zachary: ZAK-ə-ree / ˈ z ...

  9. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    For example, the English word through consists of three phonemes: the initial "th" sound, the "r" sound, and a vowel sound. The phonemes in that and many other English words do not always correspond directly to the letters used to spell them (English orthography is not as strongly phonemic as that of many other languages).