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Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays. [2] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter.
Pioneer 11: Pioneer 11: 6 April 1973: Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A [3] NASA: Flyby Successful First probe to reach Saturnian system. Closest approach on 1 September 1979 at 16:31 UTC. Flew past Iapetus, Dione, Mimas, Tethys, Enceladus, Rhea and Titan at long distances. Discovered Epimetheus and Janus. [7] 2 Voyager 2: Voyager 2: 20 August 1977 [2 ...
Destination Launched Closest approach Time elapsed Notes Ref Pioneer 10: Jupiter 3 March 1972 3 December 1973 641 days (1 yr, 9 mos, 1 d) Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to fly by Jupiter. [88] Pioneer 11: Jupiter 6 April 1973 4 December 1974 608 days (1 yr, 7 mo, 29 d) Pioneer 11 flew by Jupiter. [89] Saturn 1 September 1979 2340 days (6 ...
Artemis II, the first crewed mission of the program, will launch four astronauts in 2025 [11] on a free-return flyby of the Moon at a distance of 8,900 kilometers (5,500 mi). [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] After Artemis II, the Power and Propulsion Element of the Lunar Gateway and three components of an expendable lunar lander are planned to be delivered ...
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes.The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus.
This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
As of 2024, there are five interstellar probes, all launched by the American space agency NASA: Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and New Horizons. Also as of 2024, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are the only probes to have actually reached interstellar space. [1] The other three are on interstellar trajectories.
September 30, 1979: The U.S. Canal Zone territory of Panama goes out of existence September 1, 1979: Pioneer 11 becomes the first Earth spacecraft to visit the planet Saturn September 7, 1979: The Entertainment and Sports Programming Network first appears on cable television. The following events occurred in September 1979: