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  2. Canonical units - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_units

    In astrodynamics, canonical units are defined in terms of some important object’s orbit that serves as a reference. In this system, a reference mass, for example the Sun’s, is designated as 1 “canonical mass unit” and the mean distance from the orbiting object to the reference object is considered the “canonical distance unit”.

  3. Astronomical unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit

    Average distance from the Sun — Venus: 0.72 — Average distance from the Sun — Earth: 1.00 — Average distance of Earth's orbit from the Sun (sunlight travels for 8 minutes and 19 seconds before reaching Earth) — Mars: 1.52 — Average distance from the SunJupiter: 5.2 — Average distance from the Sun — Light-hour: 7.2 ...

  4. Solar radius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radius

    Evolution of the solar luminosity, radius and effective temperature compared to the present-day Sun. After Ribas (2009) [3] The uncrewed SOHO spacecraft was used to measure the radius of the Sun by timing transits of Mercury across the surface during 2003 and 2006. The result was a measured radius of 696,342 ± 65 kilometres (432,687 ± 40 miles).

  5. Proper motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_motion

    Barnard's Star's transverse speed is 90 km/s and its radial velocity is 111 km/s (perpendicular (at a right, 90° angle), which gives a true or "space" motion of 142 km/s. True or absolute motion is more difficult to measure than the proper motion, because the true transverse velocity involves the product of the proper motion times the distance.

  6. Astronomical coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_coordinate...

    The poles are located at ±90° from the fundamental plane. The primary direction is the starting point of the longitudinal coordinates. The origin is the zero distance point, the "center of the celestial sphere", although the definition of celestial sphere is ambiguous about the definition of its center point.

  7. Template:Distance from Sun using EasyTimeline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Distance_from_Sun...

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  8. Ecliptic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic_coordinate_system

    The origin is the Sun's center, the plane of reference is the ecliptic plane, and the primary direction (the x-axis) is the March equinox. A right-handed rule specifies a y-axis 90° to the east on the fundamental plane. The z-axis points toward the north ecliptic pole. The reference frame is relatively stationary, aligned with the March equinox.

  9. Tug of war (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tug_of_war_(astronomy)

    Callisto is a satellite of Jupiter. The parameters in the equation are [2] Callisto–Jupiter distance (d p) is 1.883 · 10 6 km. Mass of Jupiter (M p) is 1.9 · 10 27 kg; JupiterSun distance (i.e. mean distance of Callisto from the Sun, d s) is 778.3 · 10 6 km. The solar mass (M s) is 1.989 · 10 30 kg