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[8] [9] [10] Following the Industrial Revolution, which started in England, Great Britain ruled a colonial Empire, the largest in recorded history. Following a process of decolonisation in the 20th century, mainly caused by the weakening of Great Britain's power in the two World Wars; almost all of the empire's overseas territories became ...
Illustration from Cassell's History of England, 1902. The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland took place during the late 12th century, when Anglo-Normans gradually conquered and acquired large swathes of land from the Irish, over which the Kingdom of England then claimed sovereignty, all allegedly sanctioned by the Papal bull Laudabiliter . [ 19 ]
Battle of Flodden Field: Invading England, King James IV of Scotland and thousands of other Scots were killed in a defeat at the hands of the English. 1516 18 February Mary I, the future queen of England (r. 1553-1558), is born to parents Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. 1521: Lutheran writings begin to circulate in England. 1527 21 May
In 1603, James VI and I became the first monarch to rule over England, Scotland, and Ireland together. Alexander III's death in a riding accident in 1286 precipitated a major succession crisis. Scottish leaders appealed to King Edward I of England for help in determining who was the rightful heir.
The Acts of Union 1707 declared that the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland were "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain". [p] [38] The term "United Kingdom" has occasionally been used as a description for the former Kingdom of Great Britain, although its official name from 1707 to 1800 was simply "Great Britain". [39]
The Scottish philosopher and historian, John Major (Mair), published his 'History of Great Britain, both England and Scotland' (Historia majoris Britanniae, tam Angliae quam Scotiae) in 1521. While promoting a possible royal match in 1548, Lord Protector Somerset said that the English and Scots were, "like as twoo brethren of one Islande of ...
England is home to the two oldest universities in the English-speaking world: the University of Oxford, founded in 1096, and the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209. Both universities are ranked among the most prestigious in the world. [12] [13] England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south.
1639 England and Scotland – At war until 1644 in what become known as the Bishops' Wars; 1640 England – The Long Parliament summoned. 1642 England – English Civil War begins (see Timeline of the English Civil War) 1652 England – Tea arrives in Britain; 1666 England 1688 England – The Glorious Revolution replaces James II with William III