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The Lontara script (ᨒᨚᨈᨑ), [a] also known as the Bugis script, Bugis-Makassar script, or Urupu Sulapa’ Eppa’ "four-cornered letters", is one of Indonesia's traditional scripts developed in the South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi region. The script is primarily used to write the Buginese language, followed by Makassarese and Mandar.
[2] Little is known about the early history of this language due to the lack of written records. The earliest written record of this language is Sureq Galigo, the epic creation myth of the Bugis people. Another written source of Buginese is Lontara, a term which refers to the traditional script and historical record as well. The earliest ...
Outside the province, the language hybrid is not solely influenced by Bahasa Indonesia, but alongside traces of other local languages and dialects amalgamated with the diaspora Bugis language. Similarly beyond Indonesia, the extension of the language blend can also be seen in parts of Malaysia and Singapore, home to a sizable Bugis community.
The earliest preserved written versions date back to the 18th century, earlier ones have been lost due to insects, climate or destruction. [1] Consequently, there is no complete or definite version of Galigo but the preserved parts amount to 6,000 pages or 300,000 lines of text, making it one of the largest works of literature . [ 2 ]
National examination in Indonesia. National Exam (Indonesian: Ujian Nasional, commonly abbreviated as UN or UNAS) [1] was a standard evaluation system of primary and secondary education in Indonesia and the determining factor of quality of education levels among the areas that are conducted by the Center for Educational Assessment of the Ministry of Education and Culture.
The Bugis is a book written by Christian Pelras about the Bugis people produced in 1996 and published in the United States in 1997 by Blackwell Publishing. [1] It is the first book ever to describe the history of the Bugis ranging from their origins 40,000 years ago to the present.
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
This is a list of prominent people of Bugis descent, sorted by field, industry and activity. Some of the notable individuals may appeared more than once based on their multiple contributions to the society, while persons of mixed ancestries have their respective heritage credited.