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Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
Injury in animals is damage to the body caused by wounding, change in pressure, heat or cold, chemical substances, venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals ; this prompts wound healing , which may be rapid, as in the Cnidaria .
A gorilla licking a wound. Wound licking is an instinctive response in humans and many other animals to cover an injury or second degree burn [1] with saliva. Dogs, cats, small rodents, horses, and primates all lick wounds. [2] Saliva contains tissue factor which promotes the blood clotting mechanism.
New vascularised connective tissue that forms in the process of wound healing is termed granulation tissue. [13] All of the special connective tissue types have been included as a subset of fascia in the fascial system, with blood and lymph classed as liquid fascia. [14] [15] Bone and cartilage can be further classified as supportive connective ...
One of the best-understood roles for bioelectric gradients is at the tissue-level endogenous electric fields utilized during wound healing. It is challenging to study wound-associated electric fields, because these fields are weak, less fluctuating, and do not have immediate biological responses when compared to nerve pulses and muscle contraction.
Collagen is one of the body's key natural resources and a component of skin tissue that can benefit all stages of wound healing. [21] When collagen is made available to the wound bed, closure can occur. This avoids wound deterioration and procedures such as amputation.
Research into hormones and wound healing has shown estrogen to speed wound healing in elderly humans and in animals that have had their ovaries removed, possibly by preventing excess neutrophils from entering the wound and releasing elastase. [26] Thus the use of estrogen is a future possibility for treating chronic wounds.
For instance, in wound healing, P21 has been found to allow mammals to heal spontaneously. It even allows some mammals (like mice) to heal wounds without scars. [5] [6] The LIN28 gene also plays a role in wound healing. It is dormant in most mammals. [7] Also, the proteins MG53 and TGF beta 1 play important roles in wound healing. [8]