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It challenges the principle of freedom of information, as it states that some types of information are too dangerous, as people could either be harmed by it or use it to harm others. [2] This is sometimes why information is classified based on its sensitivity. One example would be instructions for creating a thermonuclear weapon. [2]
Crypto-1 is a cryptosystem developed by NXP for use on MIFARE chips. The system is proprietary and originally the algorithm has not been published. Upon reverse engineering of the chip, researchers from the University of Virginia and the Chaos Computer Club found an attack on Crypto-1 exploiting a poorly initialized random number generator. [13]
Individual hackers and hacking groups should be categorized into related categories. See also the categories Cybercriminals , Hacker culture , People associated with computer security , and Phreaking
[1] [19] Empirically, examples like AlphaZero, which taught itself to play Go and quickly surpassed human ability, show that domain-specific AI systems can sometimes progress from subhuman to superhuman ability very quickly, although such machine learning systems do not recursively improve their fundamental architecture. [22]
A security hacker or security researcher is someone who explores methods for breaching defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. [1] Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, information gathering, [2] challenge, recreation, [3] or evaluation of a system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.
The first edition, the version most easily available for download, was published in 1985. The last of four editions ISBN 0-7126-3454-1, edited by Steve Gold appeared in 1989 with reprints running into 1990. [2] In 1990, the UK Parliament passed the Computer Misuse Act. Publication of additional editions might have been construed to be ...
The hacker ethic originated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1950s–1960s. The term "hacker" has long been used there to describe college pranks that MIT students would regularly devise, and was used more generally to describe a project undertaken or a product built to fulfill some constructive goal, but also out of pleasure for mere involvement.
An e-zine version of the release followed on August 1. The European printer for the hardcopies of Phrack to be distributed at Defcon refused to fulfil the order once they realized that they were printing a hacking book.