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Post-totalitarian authoritarian regimes are those in which totalitarian institutions (such as the party, secret police and state-controlled mass media [82]) remain, but where "ideological orthodoxy has declined in favor of routinization, repression has declined, the state's top leadership is less personalized and more secure, and the level of ...
Totalitarian regimes are usually distinguished from authoritarian regimes in the sense that totalitarianism represents an extreme version of authoritarianism. Authoritarianism primarily differs from totalitarianism in that social and economic institutions exist that are not under governmental control. [1]
In the exercise of socio-political power, the difference between a totalitarian regime of government and an authoritarian régime of government is one of degree; whereas totalitarianism features a charismatic dictator and a fixed worldview, authoritarianism only features a dictator who holds power for the sake of holding power, and is supported ...
] Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the 1980s. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there.
By contrast, Armenia was re-upgraded from an authoritarian regime to a hybrid regime as a result of constitutional changes that shifted power from the presidency to parliament. [12] In 2017, the Gambia was upgraded again from an authoritarian regime to a hybrid regime after Yahya Jammeh , who was president from 1996 to 2017, was defeated by ...
According to Yale professor Juan José Linz there are three main types of political systems today: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with hybrid regimes. [2] [3] Another modern classification system includes monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. [4]
Rather, they have been described as an example of authoritarian [49] and totalitarian capitalism, [119] with Mussolini choosing to link private businesses and the state to organize economic policies. [120] Common among authoritarian socialist regimes was autarky. While also adopted by other authoritarian regimes, it was pursued for vastly ...
Elsewhere, in a 2003 article entitled "Inverted Totalitarianism" [11] Wolin cites phenomena such as the lack of involvement of citizens in a narrow political framework (due to the influence of money), the privatization of social security, and massive increases in military spending and spending on surveillance as examples of the push away from ...