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  2. Partition of sums of squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_sums_of_squares

    In many cases, the number of degrees of freedom is simply the number of data points in the collection, minus one. We write this as n − 1, where n is the number of data points. Scaling (also known as normalizing) means adjusting the sum of squares so that it does not grow as the size of the data collection grows.

  3. Round-off error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-off_error

    Compared with the fixed-point number system, the floating-point number system is more efficient in representing real numbers so it is widely used in modern computers. While the real numbers R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } are infinite and continuous, a floating-point number system F {\displaystyle F} is finite and discrete.

  4. Long division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_division

    Decimal numbers are not divided directly, the dividend and divisor are multiplied by a power of ten so that the division involves two whole numbers. Therefore, if one were dividing 12,7 by 0,4 (commas being used instead of decimal points), the dividend and divisor would first be changed to 127 and 4, and then the division would proceed as above.

  5. Fixed-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_arithmetic

    A fixed-point representation of a fractional number is essentially an integer that is to be implicitly multiplied by a fixed scaling factor. For example, the value 1.23 can be stored in a variable as the integer value 1230 with implicit scaling factor of 1/1000 (meaning that the last 3 decimal digits are implicitly assumed to be a decimal fraction), and the value 1 230 000 can be represented ...

  6. Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_operators_and...

    The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block (U+1D400–U+1D7FF) contains Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The reserved code points (the "holes") in the alphabetic ranges up to U+1D551 duplicate characters in the Letterlike Symbols block. In order ...

  7. Mathematical coincidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_coincidence

    ; correct to about 1.32%. [11] This can be understood in terms of the formula for the zeta function ζ ( 2 ) = π 2 / 6. {\displaystyle \zeta (2)=\pi ^{2}/6.} [ 12 ] This coincidence was used in the design of slide rules , where the "folded" scales are folded on π {\displaystyle \pi } rather than 10 , {\displaystyle {\sqrt {10}},} because it ...

  8. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    For instance, the numeral for 10,405 uses one time the symbol for 10,000, four times the symbol for 100, and five times the symbol for 1. A similar well-known framework is the Roman numeral system. It has the symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, M as its basic numerals to represent the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000. [33]

  9. Decimal separator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator

    A radix point is most often used in decimal (base 10) notation, when it is more commonly called the decimal point (the prefix deci-implying base 10). In English-speaking countries , the decimal point is usually a small dot (.) placed either on the baseline, or halfway between the baseline and the top of the digits ( · ) [ 25 ] [ a ] In many ...