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Planck length; typical scale of hypothetical loop quantum gravity or size of a hypothetical string and of branes; according to string theory, lengths smaller than this do not make any physical sense. [1] Quantum foam is thought to exist at this scale. 10 −24: 1 yoctometer 142 ym Effective cross section radius of 1 MeV neutrinos [2] 10 −21
The tonne (t) is an SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram (Mg), or 10 3 kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 10 3 kg and is often used with SI prefixes. For example, a gigagram ( Gg ) or 10 9 g is 10 3 tonnes, commonly called a kilotonne .
The CGS system goes back to a proposal in 1832 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss to base a system of absolute units on the three fundamental units of length, mass and time. [4] Gauss chose the units of millimetre, milligram and second. [ 5 ]
The nit (nt) is a unit of luminance equal to one candela per metre squared (1 cd⋅m −2). The lambert (L) is a unit of luminance equal to 10 4 /π cd⋅m −2. The lumerg is a unit of luminous energy equal to 10 −7 lumen-seconds (100 nlm s). The talbot (T) is a unit of luminous energy equal to one lumen-second (1 lm⋅s).
Historically, the mole was defined as the amount of substance in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.As a consequence, the mass of one mole of a chemical compound, in grams, is numerically equal (for all practical purposes) to the mass of one molecule or formula unit of the compound, in daltons, and the molar mass of an isotope in grams per mole is approximately equal to the mass number ...
inhaled osmium tetroxide is immediately dangerous to life or health (1 mg Os/m 3) [13] 10 −8: 10 −7: 101 nM: hydronium and hydroxide ions in pure water at 25 °C (pK W = 13.99) [14] 10 −6: μM: 10 −5: 10 −4: 180–480 μM: normal range for uric acid in blood [10] 570 μM: inhaled carbon monoxide induces unconsciousness in 2–3 ...
Thus 4 000 000, which has a logarithm (in base 10) of 6.602, has 7 as its nearest order of magnitude, because "nearest" implies rounding rather than truncation. For a number written in scientific notation, this logarithmic rounding scale requires rounding up to the next power of ten when the multiplier is greater than the square root of ten ...
The definitions of the base units have been modified several times since the Metre Convention in 1875, and new additions of base units have occurred. Since the redefinition of the metre in 1960, the kilogram had been the only base unit still defined directly in terms of a physical artefact, rather than a property of nature.