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In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]
Phasor notation (also known as angle notation) is a mathematical notation used in electronics engineering and electrical engineering.A vector whose polar coordinates are magnitude and angle is written . [13] can represent either the vector (, ) or the complex number + =, according to Euler's formula with =, both of which have magnitudes of 1.
Also called chordal or DC resistance This corresponds to the usual definition of resistance; the voltage divided by the current R s t a t i c = V I. {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {static} }={V \over I}.} It is the slope of the line (chord) from the origin through the point on the curve. Static resistance determines the power dissipation in an electrical component. Points on the current–voltage ...
Series circuits are sometimes referred to as current-coupled. The current in a series circuit goes through every component in the circuit. Therefore, all of the components in a series connection carry the same current. A series circuit has only one path through which its current can flow. Opening or breaking a series circuit at any point causes ...
An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface. [1]: 2 [2]: 622 The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be one of several types of particles, depending on the conductor.
Next, we insert another source of electromotive force, E 1, in series with Z e, where E 1 has the same magnitude as E but is opposed in direction (see Figure 2c). The current, I 1, can be determined as follows: it is the current that would result from E 1 acting alone, with all other sources (within the active network and the external network ...
[2]: 2-8 - 2-9 For all nodes, except a chosen reference node, the node voltage is defined as the voltage drop from the node to the reference node. Therefore, there are N-1 node voltages for a circuit with N nodes. [2]: 2-10 In principle, nodal analysis uses Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) at N-1 nodes to get N-1 independent equations. Since ...
For a one-port network, the Z-matrix reduces to a single element, being the ordinary impedance measured between the two terminals. The Z-parameters are also known as the open circuit parameters because they are measured or calculated by applying current to one port and determining the resulting voltages at all the ports while the undriven ports ...