Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
FDI World Dental Federation notation (also "FDI notation" or "ISO 3950 notation") is the world's most commonly used dental notation (tooth numbering system). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is designated by the International Organization for Standardization as standard ISO 3950 "Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity".
Universal numbering system. This is a dental practitioner view, so tooth number 1, the rear upper tooth on the patient's right, appears on the left of the chart. The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. [1] [2]
The upper teeth are denoted I 1, I 2, C −, Pm 3, Pm 4, M 1, M 2, and M 3. Left or right has to be specified. The lower teeth are I 1, I 2, C −, Pm 3, Pm 4, M 1, M 2, and M 3. The reason the premolars are labeled 3 and 4 is that in earlier primates there were two other premolars between them and the canines. [5]
With the move from written dental notes to electronic records, some difficulty in reproducing the symbols has been encountered. [4] On a standard keyboard 'slash' and 'backslash' may be used as a crude approximation to the symbols with numbers placed before or afterwards; hence 3/ is 3 ⏌ and /5 is ⎾ 5.
A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as /θ/, /ð/. In some languages, dentals are distinguished from other groups, such as alveolar consonants , in which the tongue contacts the gum ridge.
Abbreviations of weights and measures are pronounced using the expansion of the unit (mg = "milligram") and chemical symbols using the chemical expansion (NaCl = "sodium chloride"). Some initialisms deriving from Latin may be pronounced either as letters ( qid = "cue eye dee") or using the English expansion ( qid = "four times a day").
every 4 hours quaque quarta hora q.6.h., q6h every 6 hours quaque sexta hora q.8.h., q8h every 8 hours quaque octava hora q.a.m., qAM, qam every morning: quaque ante meridiem q.d., qd every day / daily quaque die q.h.s., qhs every night at bedtime quaque hora somni q.d.s, qds, QDS 4 times a day quater die sumendum q.i.d, qid 4 times a day
The abbreviations are ambiguous: (1) they are not specific to these terms; (2) they are not even one-to-one specific within this list; and (3) some of the combined terms are little used, and the abbreviations of the latter are even less used. Therefore, spelling out is best.