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Scarification, regardless of type, works by speeding up the natural processes which normally make seed coats permeable to water and air. For drupes (stone fruits), scarification also extends to weakening or removal of the hard endocarp shell around the seed.
One definition of berry requires the endocarp to be less than 2 mm (3 ⁄ 32 in) thick, other fruits with a stony endocarp being drupes. [6] In marginal cases, terms such as drupaceous or drupe-like may be used. [3] [6] The term stone fruit (also stonefruit) can be a synonym for drupe or, more typically, it can mean just the fruit of the genus ...
A pyrena or pyrene (commonly called a "pit" or "stone") is the fruitstone within a drupe or drupelet produced by the ossification of the endocarp or lining of the fruit. [1] It consists of a hard endocarp tissue surrounding one or more seeds (also called the "kernel").
Full bloom on apples (their final bud stage) will have a 10% fruit loss at 28 degrees and a 90% fruit loss at 25 degrees. The sensitivity and the impact on the plant increase drastically.
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The disease affect most stone plants including peaches, apricots and plums. [4] The symptoms can generally be found in three major parts of plant: fruits, twigs, and leaves. The symptoms on leaves and twigs are often considered as the least notable. [5] Infected leaves initially show small and green colored lesions on under the leaves.
The fruit of these plants are known as stone fruit , as each fruit contains a hard shell (the endocarp) called a stone or pit, which contains the single seed. The expanded definition of the Amygdaloideae adds to these commercially important crops such as apples and pears that have pome fruit, and also important ornamental plants such as Spiraea ...
Different groups of plants have other modifications, the so-called stone fruits (such as the peach) have a hardened fruit layer (the endocarp) fused to and surrounding the actual seed. Nuts are the one-seeded, hard-shelled fruit of some plants with an indehiscent seed, such as an acorn or hazelnut .