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Strong acids such as hydrochloric acid can, however, protonate indole. Indole is primarily protonated at the C3, rather than N1, owing to the enamine-like reactivity of the portion of the molecule located outside of the benzene ring. The protonated form has a pK a of −3.6.
The protonation of water by sulfuric acid: H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O + + HSO − 4; The protonation of isobutene in the formation of a carbocation: (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2 + HBF 4 ⇌ (CH 3) 3 C + + BF − 4; The protonation of ammonia in the formation of ammonium chloride from ammonia and hydrogen chloride: NH 3 + HCl → NH 4 Cl
Histidine ball and stick model spinning. Histidine (symbol His or H) [2] is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH 3 + form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO − form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially ...
Cation–π interactions can tune the pKa of nitrogenous side-chains, increasing the abundance of the protonated form; this has implications for protein structure and function. [15] While less studied in this context, the DNA bases are also able to participate in cation–π interactions. [16] [17]
Imidazole is a planar 5-membered ring, that exists in two equivalent tautomeric forms because hydrogen can be bound to one or another nitrogen atom. Imidazole is a highly polar compound, as evidenced by its electric dipole moment of 3.67 D, [12] and is highly soluble in water.
She said the body of water has carried that name "Gulf of Mexico" for roughly 400 years. "It's not because of the modern nation state Mexico that we know. It's actually when the Spanish were over ...
In Kennesaw, Georgia, it's against the law not to own a gun.. The city law, dating back to the 1980s, makes it a requirement for residents to own guns and ammo. Kennesaw's gun law states: "In ...
The first step in polar transport is auxin influx. Auxin enters plant cells by two methods, first by passive diffusion as non-ionized protonated indole-3-acetic acid (IAAH) across the phospholipid bilayer, or second by active co-transport in the anionic form IAA −. As IAAH is lipophilic, it can easily cross the lipid bilayer.